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　　People, it seems, have evolved to be addicted to exercise

　　人類似乎在進(jìn)化過程中對鍛煉上癮了

　　AS THE legions of gym bunnies and jogging enthusiasts who race out into the spring sunshine every year clearly demonstrate, running can be fun.

　　那一大批在春日和煦的陽光中奔跑著的健身愛好者無不向我們展示著奔跑的樂趣。

　　More specifically, running triggers the release of brain chemicals called endocannabinoids that create a potent feeling of pleasure.

　　更確切地講，在奔跑時人體內(nèi)有一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)被釋放，從而使人產(chǎn)生一種強(qiáng)烈的愉悅感。

　　As their name suggests, these endocannabinoids work in the same way as the active inGREdient of marijuana.

　　正如其名字的含義一般，這些endocannabinoids有著跟大麻中的有效成分一樣的效果。

　　From an evolutionary standpoint this surge of endocannabinoids, and the runner's high it creates, make sense.

　　從進(jìn)化論的觀點(diǎn)來看，人體內(nèi)endocannabinoids水平的上升及由此而生的賽跑者的亢奮對人類的發(fā)展是有意義的。

　　For ancient humans, remaining fit enough to run after game and away from predators and enemies was vital for survival.

　　那些遠(yuǎn)古時代的人類，為了能夠順利追捕到獵物并從其他獵食者的追擊中逃脫，必須將身體狀態(tài)始終維持在一個良好的水平。

　　Yet whether other mammals are also driven to exercise by endocannabinoids has remained a mystery.

　　既然人類如此，那么其他哺乳動物是否也會在endocannabinoids的內(nèi)在驅(qū)動下而進(jìn)行鍛煉呢?

　　Now a study led by David Raichlen of the University of Arizona has revealed that the runner's high does exist in other species, but not in all.

　　這仍是個未解之謎。現(xiàn)在一項(xiàng)由Arizona大學(xué)的David Raichlen博士領(lǐng)銜的研究已經(jīng)在其他哺乳動物體內(nèi)-并非全部都有-發(fā)現(xiàn)了endocannabinoids的存在。

　　【每日晨讀】經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人GRE雙語閱讀 揭秘奔跑鍛煉上癮的秘密圖2

　　You expect me to what?!

　　你想要我干什么?!

　　Dr Raichlen hypothesised that endocannabinoid-driven exercise highs would be found in those mammals that gain an evolutionary benefit from being fast on their feet: antelopes, horses and wolves, for example.

　　Raichlen先提出了一個假設(shè)：像羚羊，馬和狼這樣一些因擁有飛毛腿而在進(jìn)化過程中受益的哺乳動物中也存在著鍛煉產(chǎn)生的興奮現(xiàn)象;

　　However, he also thought that they would not be present in those which are known for being quick and agile, but not for running, like ferrets.

　　而那些以靈動著稱，卻非憑奔跑文明的動物，如雪貂，則不會出現(xiàn)此現(xiàn)象。

　　To test these ideas, he and a team of colleagues devised an experiment that monitored the endocannabinoid levels of different species after they had been walking or running on a treadmill.

　　為了檢驗(yàn)這些猜想，Raichlen和由其同事所組成的團(tuán)隊(duì)設(shè)計(jì)了一個實(shí)驗(yàn)-對在跑步機(jī)上行走，奔跑過后的動物體內(nèi)的endocannabinoids水平進(jìn)行監(jiān)控。

　　The experimental animals in question were ten people, eight dogs and eight ferrets.

　　被考慮用來進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)的動物有以下三種：十個人，八條狗和八只雪貂。

　　Dr Raichlen had them run or walk on the treadmill for 30 minutes.

　　Raichlen博士先讓他們在跑步機(jī)上行走或奔跑30分鐘。

　　Since running and walking speeds differ from species to species, the speed at which the treadmill moved was varied so that it raised the heart rates of the different participants to the same level.

　　由于不同的動物速度不一，所以跑步機(jī)的傳送帶速度設(shè)置是以使不同動物的心率達(dá)到同一水平為依據(jù)。