雅思寫作Task1——掌握數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)，6分到手不再難|| 雅思干貨
來源：
小編： 247同學(xué)，你的屠鴨計劃進行得順利嗎？
這一路上，要背單詞，翻譯句子，練完精聽練精讀，說完口語又去寫作文……每個人都要經(jīng)歷重重考驗，克服無數(shù)困難。終于接近總分目標了，突然沖出一只小怪獸，它的名字叫“單科不得低于6”。
好多屠鴨勇士們，聽力和閱讀早7UP了，作文也寫了厚厚一摞紙，準備充分走進考場，一出成績，寫作只有5.5。
扎心嗎？
為啥要打6分就那么難？？
對于雅思寫作備考，每個上過考場的戰(zhàn)士都能總結(jié)出自己的策略，但幾乎所有經(jīng)驗都是針對大作文的。
所以普遍現(xiàn)象是Task2論證已經(jīng)發(fā)揮到天花板了，Task1圖表卻停留在復(fù)制粘貼數(shù)據(jù)的階段——既然不允許主觀臆斷隨意發(fā)揮，那就只好抄數(shù)據(jù)湊字數(shù)嘍。
沒有哪一種傷害是單方面的，作者對付寫一寫，考官扣分對付你。這樣一來，小作文成了短板，拖了大作文后腿，自然打不上6分。
想要最快拿到6分，就必須消滅短板，填平大小作文質(zhì)量差異。
1.評分標準幫你定位小作文短板
小作文，看似只要看圖寫話。這種小學(xué)一年級的題型，在雅思中咋就這么難！
看看下面的場景，是不是描述了一個正在寫小作文的你：
??苦惱一：圖中數(shù)據(jù)太多，審題10分鐘，還不確定寫什么；
??苦惱二：有想法，但不會描述。整本雅思詞書背完，也沒找到恰當?shù)脑~，只好把數(shù)據(jù)們從圖表里搬到作文紙上。
問題很嚴重——作文內(nèi)容顯得機械重復(fù)，上下文難以銜接，體現(xiàn)出的詞匯量小，句子結(jié)構(gòu)又單一，考官就只給5分。
內(nèi)容層面要主次分明，條理清晰，詞匯夠用，還會混搭句型。
2.劍橋范文幫你明確質(zhì)量差異
評分標準聽起來挺抽象，用一篇C9T3的餅圖舉例吧：
在描述這兩個國家不同年份間的數(shù)據(jù)變化時，5分選手會這樣寫：
In Yemen, 15-59 years people will increase to 57.3% in 2050. And 60+ years will increase to 5.7%. In Italy, 15-59 years will decrease to 46.2% and 60+ people will increase to 42.3%.
這就是開門見山的照搬數(shù)據(jù)，以不變應(yīng)萬變，一整篇作文，都在重復(fù)一個套路。這樣的句子好像連Siri都會寫，讓它去考試都能打5分了。
??要寫成這樣才是6分（來自劍橋范文）：
The projections for 2050 show that the number of people with 15-59 years and 60 years or more will increase in Yemen, reaching 57.3% and 5.7% respectively. In contrast, in Italy, the population with 15-59 years will decrease to 46.2%, while people with 60 years or more will grow to 42.3%.
看出區(qū)別了嗎？
雖然6分作文也在說數(shù)據(jù)，但是句子之間有連接詞的銜接，表達簡練，詞匯和句型都不重復(fù)，看起來不枯燥。
再用C11T2的餅圖，明確一下表達差異吧：
要描述兩個年份中，占比最高的語種一直是Spanish, 如果這樣寫：
Spanish had 30% and it was the highest in 2000. In 2010, it increased to 35% and still was the highest.
雖然數(shù)據(jù)信息和最高值的概念都出現(xiàn)了，但是因為詞匯語法簡單重復(fù)，也只能是5分。
??劍橋6分范文這樣寫：
The biggest percentage had Spanish only with 30% in 2000. However it has increased by 5% and is in 2010 still the highest percentage with 35%.
這個句話的句型并不復(fù)雜，在表示上升的動詞increase后用介詞by連接數(shù)據(jù)，其他數(shù)據(jù)用介詞with銜接，避免了措辭的重復(fù)。
再用C15T1柱圖來加深一下印象：
在對比兩個城市的相似之處時，5分選手可能這么表達：Sydney has 43.7% and Melbourne has 42.3% and they are similar.
??6分范文這樣寫：In Sydney has 43.7 percent of city residents and has almost the same amount as Melbourne which is 42.3 percent.
差距是6分考生會用which從句引出平淡無奇的數(shù)據(jù)。
這些差異提醒我們，要提升小作文分數(shù)，就要重視數(shù)據(jù)的表達方式。要用好數(shù)據(jù)，并且要好好用數(shù)據(jù)，就能將短板升級成強項。
3.刻意練習，哪里短板補哪里
這些道理誰都懂，但是我真的做不到??！
別急，有問題，就一定會有解決方案。既然5分與6分的差異，是我們利用范文對比得出的。那就把劍橋書后的考官范文安排上，精讀幾篇，提煉一些精彩詞匯和句型，通過仿寫來升級自己寫的大白話。
考官寫的，你學(xué)會了，就成了你的，不香嗎？
最初可以從詞匯入手，先丟掉最最基礎(chǔ)的be動詞+數(shù)據(jù)，或者increase/decrease+數(shù)據(jù)的表達方式。
先看個例句：
(劍七-Test4)But by 2000 nuclear power, which was not used at all in Australia, had developed into the main source, producing almost 75% of electricity, at 126 units.
(劍八-Test2) Teachers’ pay remained the biggest cost, reaching 50% of total spending in 1991 and ending at 45% in 2001.
范文中的producing, reaching, 還有ending at, 都可以替代is導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)。
別人家的句型到手了，下一步是讓它為自己的作文增光添彩。
還記得上面那個5分句子嗎，In Yemen, 15-59 years people will increase to 57.3% in 2050. And 60+ years will increase to 5.7%. In Italy, 15-59 years will decrease to 46.2% and 60+ people will increase to 42.3%.
模仿考官的寫法試試看：In Yemen, 15-59 years people will increase, reaching 57.3% of total population in 2050.
除了V-ing形式，介詞with表示伴隨，這個大家都知道，它也可以用來導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)，比如：
(劍八-Test1) The impact of this on Oceania and North America was minimal, with only 1.7% and 0.2% of land affected respectively.
(劍四-Test1) However, those consisting of only one parent or a single adult had almost double this proportion of poor people, with 21% and 19% respectively.
還用上面那個5分句子，加入with升級后：Both 15-59 years and 60+ years in Yemen will increase, with 57.3% and 5.7% respectively.
掌握了這些詞匯之后，小學(xué)老師教的there be句型，也可以在描述數(shù)據(jù)時表示趨勢或存在，考官自己也在用：
(劍四-Test2) There is a sharp rise in the next hour to reach its maximum before collapsing again to a lower level by the end of the day.
(劍十三-Test2) In 2011, there was a slight increase in rented households and it was up to 38%.
換一個5分句子，用there be句型加持一下：
整容前：Sydney has 43.7% and Melbourne has 42.3% and they are similar.
整容后：There is a similar trend in both Sydney and Melbourne.
嫌棄there be沒有技術(shù)含量嗎？
那些在大作文中已經(jīng)實踐得很熟練的句型，比如定語從句，也可以用來導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)：
(劍三-Test4) In March, 1993United Stats had seven percent of their workforce which might not seen disastrous until compared with Japan, where 2.5% were unemployed.
(劍三-Test4) Noticeably, the highest divorce rate was in 1980, when about 1.4million divorces attracted the attention.
再挑一個5分句子：Spanish had 30% and it was the highest in 2000. In 2010, it increased to 35% and still was the highest.
加入定語從句后的樣子：Spanish had 30% in 2000 and 35% in2010, which remained the highest in both years.
最后，同樣是大作文中的流量明星，形式主語從句，比如It is interesting to note that…或者It is noticeable that…可以用來強調(diào)特殊的細節(jié)和最大值等信息：
(劍五-Test2) It is also interesting to note that almost all showed a decrease in 1994 in amount of goods transported except for the pipeline, which actually peaked in that year.
(劍四-Test1)It is noticeable that for both types of household with children, a higher than average proportion were living in poverty at this time.
來對比一下Spanish had 30% and it was the highest in 2000. In 2010, it increased to 35% and still was the highest.
與加入從句后的表達：It is noticeable that the percentage of Spanish had remained the highest in both years.
總結(jié)
總結(jié)一下，寫作突破6分，需要充足的耐心與細心，更需要關(guān)注評分標準，對大小作文給予同等重視。
大作文可以靠議論的深度與廣度拿高分，也可以通過豐富的詞匯和句型來提分，小作文主要靠精確多變的描述數(shù)據(jù)來體現(xiàn)語言能力。
要把數(shù)據(jù)寫得精彩，劍橋范文是個好東西。先精讀提煉詞匯句型，再仿寫句子鞏固療效，做到大小作文一碗水端平。
搬運數(shù)據(jù)等于搬磚，沒有功勞只有苦勞，現(xiàn)在開始升級數(shù)據(jù)表達，祝你早日成為6分好青年！
