雅思大作文中有一類(lèi)題目是因果關(guān)系類(lèi)，具體包括三小類(lèi)：cause and effect、cause and solution、problem and solution。這三小類(lèi)問(wèn)題也可以穿起來(lái)，即針對(duì)某個(gè)topic的cause—effect（即problem）– solution。

　　無(wú)論哪種題目，寫(xiě)明因果關(guān)系很重要。關(guān)于因果關(guān)系的表達(dá)同學(xué)們都很熟悉，無(wú)非是BS（because / so），而且大家也一定很清楚的知道BS在英語(yǔ)中，用了前者就不能用后者的道理。例如

　　Becausefurther education has become more accessible for a wider range of people, an increasing number of people have degrees

　　Further education has become more accessible for a wider range of people, so an increasing number of people have degrees.

　　但是除了BS之外，還有很多其它表示因果關(guān)系的表達(dá)，具體如下：

　　Because系列（表原因）：

　　1. because of : because后接的是一個(gè)句子（主謂賓)；because of 后一般直接跟名詞。例如：

　　Because ofthe increasing number of machine—and as we noted before, machines magnify human effort—then anyone using a machine can

　　get a higher wage than anyone not using a machine.

　　2. as / since (除了“因?yàn)椤巴猓€有”自從”的意思，使用時(shí)要注意避免歧義)

　　Hours spent on commuting, traffic jams, and fights for parking should diminish, sinceworkers make fewer journeys or work staggered hours

　　Unfortunately, as the number of people living in the city increases, so do the different problems associated with population growth. （注意此句中的so不表示“所以”，而是“…也…”的意思）

　　3. thanks to (positive situations 通常適用于結(jié)果好的時(shí)候)

　　Thanks to new technology, it's easier than ever to work remotely.

　　due to (negative situations通常使用與結(jié)果不好的時(shí)候)

　　owing to / attributable to /on account of

　　Due to /… / On account of extreme weather conditions, damage to property occurs.

　　4. 當(dāng)原因需要的表達(dá)較多時(shí)，我們還可以把以上表達(dá)改寫(xiě)為原因狀語(yǔ)從句，使用thanks to the fact that / due to the fact that /owing to the fact that 或者on the grounds that ,,,

　　Will we live longer merely due to the fact that  / on the grounds that technology, if implemented properly, will take stress away from our lives

　　5. caused by / result from 也表原因

　　Many car accidents were resulted from / caused by a lack of guardrails

　　So系列（表結(jié)果）：

　　1. thus/ therefore / thereby / hence

　　thus: 表示‘in this/that way’

　　As a country develops, its cities become the engines of development, thus jobs are available in these areas.

　　therefore: 表示 ‘for this reason’ /‘because of this or that’

　　Therefore, the influence of the peer group is important both for one’s own competence and for the relative evaluation of the process itself, given that one sees oneself in relation to others.

　　thereby: by that means, as a result of that

　　In some countries, reduced budgets have led to the elimination of busing systems, thereby increasing the use of cars and the congestion they create.

　　hence: 表示 ‘from this/that’

　　Drinking lots of water is healthy and reducing plastic waste is great for the environment. Hence, trendy reusable water bottles that you can refill yourself are health-promoting, eco-friendly, and green.

　　2. As a result / As a consequence

　　As a result, those people who were indoors had much lighter skin, which means that whiter skin is now associated with having a higher status than dark skin.

　　As a consequence, environmental health must address the societal and environmental factors that increase the likelihood of exposure and disease.

　　3. consequently /accordingly

　　Consequently 更偏重因果邏輯；accordingly 更偏重后續(xù)解決

　　Water pollution affects drinking water, rivers, lakes and oceans all over the world. This consequently harms human health and the natural environment.

　　Some of the laws were contradictory. Accordingly, measures were taken to clarify them.

　　Cause系列（表結(jié)果）：

　　1. cause (v.) 引起

　　The amount of garbage produced by the people also increases whichcauses sanitary landfills to fill up faster.

　　2. lead to/ result in 導(dǎo)致

　　注意這里是result in, 后跟結(jié)果，前面提到的result from后面跟的是原因。

　　The society’s attitude to food often leads to over-consumption.