相信很多同學(xué)在聽(tīng)力備考時(shí)都會(huì)經(jīng)歷到一個(gè)階段：考的沒(méi)記，記的沒(méi)考，然后就開(kāi)始懷疑人生。因此常會(huì)提出的問(wèn)題就是：我到底該聽(tīng)什么、記什么?

　　其實(shí)看似紛繁復(fù)雜的事情，背后的道理往往越簡(jiǎn)單，所謂大道至簡(jiǎn)，托福也一樣。

　　對(duì)于托福對(duì)話而言，不論話題是什么，一定都會(huì)按照“提出問(wèn)題→分析問(wèn)題→解決問(wèn)題”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)推進(jìn)，而在這之中，我們要特別關(guān)注的就是新話題的開(kāi)啟，因?yàn)槁?tīng)力出題一般存在一個(gè)規(guī)律：就是每個(gè)題通常都會(huì)對(duì)應(yīng)其中一個(gè)話題。

　　那么問(wèn)題來(lái)了，我們?cè)趺粗滥睦锸切略掝}?同學(xué)們只要記住，永遠(yuǎn)去關(guān)注對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的新信息，所謂新信息，就是前文從來(lái)沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)過(guò)的信息，它的出現(xiàn)標(biāo)志著老師和學(xué)生可能會(huì)就這一信息展開(kāi)討論，也就構(gòu)成了我們之前提到的“新話題”。

　　下面，柚子就以tpo4的第二篇對(duì)話為例，為大家做一個(gè)詳細(xì)的結(jié)構(gòu)和考點(diǎn)分析，各位重點(diǎn)體會(huì)。(建議先聽(tīng)再看)

　　TPO4 Conversation 2

　　Narrator

　　Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor.

　　Professor

　　Hey, Jane, you look like you are in a hurry.

　　Student

　　Yeah, things are a little crazy.

　　Professor

　　Oh yeah? What’s going on?

　　(老師直接問(wèn)怎么了，引出主題的一句話，注意聽(tīng)學(xué)生回答)

　　【提出問(wèn)題】

　　Student

　　Oh, it’s nothing. Well,since it’s your class, I guess it’s OK. It’s, it’s just that I am having trouble with my group project.(出現(xiàn)了新信息)

　　Professor

　　Ah, yes, due next week. What’s your group doing again?

　　(老師話題突然轉(zhuǎn)變了一下，問(wèn)了學(xué)生的課題)

　　Student

　　It’s about United States Supreme Court Decisions. (課題名稱，需要簡(jiǎn)記，有時(shí)會(huì)出考點(diǎn))We are looking at the impact of recent cases on property rights, municipal land use cases, owning disputes.(聽(tīng)不太清的內(nèi)容，考試時(shí)可以放掉不要糾結(jié)，一般不考)

　　Professor

　　Right, OK. And it’s not going well?(話題再次回到問(wèn)題上來(lái)，仍在提出問(wèn)題的階段，注意聽(tīng)學(xué)生回答)

　　Student

　　Not really. I’m worried about the other two people in my group. They are just sitting back, notreally doing their fair share of the work and waiting for an A. It’s kind of stressing me out, because we are getting close to the deadline and I feel like I’m doing everything for this project.

　　(學(xué)生提出問(wèn)題，出現(xiàn)新信息other two people等，需聽(tīng)懂)

　　Professor

　　Ah, the good old free rider problem.

　　Student

　　Free rider? (老師提出了一個(gè)新詞，學(xué)生沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂，繼續(xù)聽(tīng)老師的解釋)

　　Professor

　　Ah, it’s just a term that describes this situation,when people in the group seek to get the benefits of being in a group without contributing to the work. (對(duì)新詞的解釋，聽(tīng)懂意思即可，不需要記錄，等于定義的處理方法)Anyway, what exactly do you mean when you say they just sit back? I mean, they’ve been filing the weekly progress reports with me.(老師收到了進(jìn)程報(bào)告，所以繼續(xù)詢問(wèn))

　　Student

　　Yes, but I feel like I’m doing 90% of the work. I hate to sound so negative here, but honestly, they are taking credit for things they shouldn’t take credit for. (重復(fù)信息) Like last week in the library, we decided to split up the research into 3 parts and then each of us was supposed to find sources in the library for our parts. I went off to the stack and found some really good material for my part, but when I got back to our table, they were just goofing off and talking. So I went and got materials for their sections as well. (學(xué)生舉例說(shuō)明問(wèn)題，出現(xiàn)了新信息library，需要聽(tīng)出大概意思是組員不找資料，女生就做了他們的工作)

　　Professor

　　Um…you know you shouldn’t do that.(老師表明態(tài)度，重要考點(diǎn)!)

　　Student

　　I know, but I didn’t want to risk the project going down the drain.

　　【分析問(wèn)題】

　　Professor

　　I know Teresa and Kevin.I had both of them in other courses. So, I’m familiar with the work and work habits.(教授轉(zhuǎn)而提到兩個(gè)學(xué)生的工作習(xí)慣，幫助學(xué)生分析問(wèn)題，屬于突然提到的其他信息，要聽(tīng)出目的，重要考點(diǎn)x2!)

　　Student

　　I know, me too. And that’s why this has really surprised me.

　　(從學(xué)生的態(tài)度能夠聽(tīng)出組員的工作態(tài)度一貫是很認(rèn)真的)

　　Professor

　　Do you…does your group like your topic?(教授繼續(xù)分析問(wèn)題，出現(xiàn)新信息topic)

　　Student

　　Well, I think we’d all rather focus on cases that deal with personal liberties, questions about freedom of speech,things like that. But I chose property rights.(學(xué)生提到自己的選題，but后面是重點(diǎn))

　　Professor

　　You chose the topic?(無(wú)新信息)

　　Student

　　Yeah, I thought it would be good for us, all of us to try something new.(學(xué)生選題的原因，因果考點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注)

　　【解決問(wèn)題】

　　Professor

　　Um…maybe that’s part of the problem. Maybe Teresa and Kevin aren’t that excited about the topic? And since you picked it,have you thought…talk to them at all about picking a different topic?(老師給出的解決方案要記下，重要考點(diǎn)x3!)

　　Student

　　But we’ve got all the sources and it’s due next week. We don’t have time to start from scratch.(被學(xué)生否定，沒(méi)時(shí)間了)

　　Professor

　　OK, I will let you go cause I know you are so busy.But you might consider talking to your groupabout your topic choice.(教授繼續(xù)給建議，至少和他們談一談)

　　Student

　　I will think about it. Got to run, see you in class.