潘多拉的魔盒--人工智能范文分析

　　最近有部日劇引起了很多懸疑劇愛好者的關(guān)注和熱議--《輪到你了》，Yvonne老師在暑期高強(qiáng)度工作之余全靠這部劇來調(diào)劑生活了，可以說這條命是這部劇給的。不知道有沒有小伙伴也在追這部劇呢?

　　這部劇目前更新到十集之后的《反擊篇》。頭十集講述了在一個(gè)幾乎由全日本最獨(dú)(bian)特(tai)的人組成的社區(qū)里發(fā)生的殺人游戲。事件起源于一次居民委員會(huì)，會(huì)議結(jié)束后十三名成員將自己懷恨在心的人的名字寫在紙條上投入盒子，再依次抽取。按照約定好的規(guī)則，抽簽者需要將抽到的人殺掉。本來這是一個(gè)游戲，然而事件演變超出所有人意料，殺人事件拉開序幕……

　　《反擊篇》主要講述的是在第一季末尾痛失摯愛的男主翔太欲為妻報(bào)仇而追查真兇的故事。在數(shù)學(xué)系女大學(xué)生軟萌妹子黑島以及新入住的人工智能(AI))專業(yè)研究生二階堂的幫助下，案情得到一定程度的突破。其中，這位AI小哥引起了我濃厚的興趣，并不(完全)是因?yàn)轭佒?，而是因?yàn)檫@讓我想到了一個(gè)和AI有關(guān)的雅思題目。(這個(gè)彎兒有沒有轉(zhuǎn)得猝不及防?)

　　橋豆麻袋，先不要著急關(guān)閉頁(yè)面退出閱讀哦，AI是未來幾十年發(fā)展勢(shì)頭很迅猛的產(chǎn)業(yè)，因此與時(shí)俱進(jìn)的雅思官方應(yīng)該也會(huì)注意到這點(diǎn)，時(shí)不時(shí)出出這類話題難為一下大家。所以大家最好還是火速關(guān)注起來。

　　Some people believe that developments in the field of artificial intelligence will have a positive impact on our lives in the near future. Others, by contrast, are worried that we are not prepared for a world in which computers are more intelligent than humans. Discuss both of these views and give your own opinion.

　　范文：

　　People seem to be either excited or worried about the future impact of artificial intelligence. Personally I can understand the two opposing points of view; I am both fascinated by developments in artificial intelligence and apprehensive about its possible negative effects.

　　On the one hand, the increasing intelligence of technology should bring some obvious benefits. Machines are clearly able to do many jobs better than humans can, especially in areas that require high levels of accuracy or calculations using large amounts of data. For example, robots are being developed that can carry out surgical procedures with greater precision than a human doctor, and we already have cars that use sensors and cameras to drive themselves. Such technologies can improve safety by reducing the likelihood of human errors. It is easy to imagine how these developments, and many others, will steadily improve our quality of life.

　　On the other hand, I share the concerns of people who believe that artificial intelligence may harm us if we are not careful. In the short term, it is likely that we will see a rise in unemployment as workers in various industries are replaced by machines or software programs. For example, self-driving vehicles are expected to cause redundancies in driving jobs, such as lorry drivers, taxi drivers and bus drivers. In the medium term, if intelligent technologies gradually take jobs away from humans, we may find that people become deskilled and lose their sense of purpose in life. A longer term fear is that computers become so intelligent that they begin to make decisions without human oversight and without regard for our well-being.

　　In conclusion, while intelligent machines will no doubt improve our lives in many ways, the potential risks of such technologies should not be ignored.

　　下面我們一起來分析一下這個(gè)題目及范文

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　　第一步：仔細(xì)閱讀題目，把握題目中的關(guān)鍵詞，明確題目中的正反兩方觀點(diǎn)

　　Key words:artificial intelligence ;positive impact ;not prepared for; computers more intelligent than humans

　　【思考】讀完題，我們明確了這是個(gè)雙邊討論題目。這種題目其實(shí)已經(jīng)將對(duì)立雙方觀點(diǎn)直接呈現(xiàn)給了我們，我們要做的就是去分析雙方觀點(diǎn)的合理性來回應(yīng)discuss both views這個(gè)任務(wù)——AI能給我們的生活帶來的好處VS 隱患。結(jié)合我們生活中已經(jīng)在使用的AI技術(shù)，相信大家不難找到思路切入點(diǎn)，再結(jié)合利弊角度列出提綱要點(diǎn)，例如：

　　AI的好處AI的隱患

　　1. 智能電飯煲--從家務(wù)中解脫--做想做的事--提升幸福感

　　2. 商場(chǎng)里的智能向?qū)C(jī)器人--信息完善--快速便捷--節(jié)省時(shí)間

　　3. 《輪到你了》里面的犯罪側(cè)寫AI程序--計(jì)算分析功能強(qiáng)大--杜絕人工失誤--偵破案件

　　……1.從家務(wù)解脫--喪失必要生活技能

　　2.商場(chǎng)不需雇傭那么多員工--失業(yè)率上升

　　3.落在非法分子之手--編輯犯罪程序(金融詐騙等)--威脅治安

　　……

　　通過左右對(duì)比我們可以看出，寫作題目中的一個(gè)虛無縹緲的概念一旦落實(shí)到我們生活的方方面面，形象就變得具體飽滿，這能夠充實(shí)我們的思路觀點(diǎn)以及后續(xù)的論證展開。此外，我們也可以看出一個(gè)與事物的弊端往往會(huì)與其好處并行，換個(gè)角度考慮問題會(huì)打開新世界的大門哦!

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　　第二步：讀范文，邊讀邊思考并記錄文章段落的框架，記錄好詞好句

　　這有利于我們學(xué)習(xí)和積累范文的思路、論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)的展開方式，同時(shí)積累其中的好詞好句。

　　下面我們開始逐段展開分析：

　　【開頭段】

　　People seem to be either excited or worried about the future impact of artificial intelligence. (沒有背景鋪墊，通過改寫題目方法直接切入話題) Personally I can understand the two opposing points of view; I am both fascinated by developments in artificial intelligence and apprehensive about its possible negative effects.(表明個(gè)人折中立場(chǎng)：雙方都有道理)

　　【段落結(jié)構(gòu)】改寫題目+個(gè)人立場(chǎng)

　　【好詞好句】

　?、貾eople seem to be either excited or worried about...“人們對(duì)于某個(gè)話題要么是支持態(tài)度要么是反對(duì)態(tài)度”。等同于常見表達(dá)“The issue whether...or...has sparked heated debate among the public.”或者“there has been an extensive debate over...”

　?、赑ersonally I can understand the two opposing points of view.此處”two opposing points of views”指代上一句的“excited”和“worried”兩個(gè)相反態(tài)度，實(shí)現(xiàn)銜接。

　?、跙e fascinated by 著迷于

　?、蹷e apprehensive about 對(duì)……感到不安，憂慮

　　【論點(diǎn)1】On the one hand(連接詞：一方面), the increasing intelligence of technology should bring some obvious benefits.(交代這段的中心大意：AI的好處) Machines are clearly able to do many jobs better than humans can, especially in areas that require high levels of accuracy or calculations using large amounts of data.(分論點(diǎn)：AI在工作方面的好處) For example, robots are being developed that can carry out surgical procedures with greater precision than a human doctor, and we already have cars that use sensors and cameras to drive themselves.(以醫(yī)療機(jī)器人和自動(dòng)駕駛汽車為例佐證分論點(diǎn)觀點(diǎn)) Such technologies can improve safety by reducing the likelihood of human errors. It is easy to imagine how these developments, and many others, will steadily improve our quality of life.(進(jìn)一步說明AI運(yùn)用與工作能帶來的有利結(jié)果)

　　【段落結(jié)構(gòu)】主題句+分論點(diǎn)+細(xì)節(jié)例子+推導(dǎo)結(jié)果。

　　【好詞好句】

　?、佟specially in areas that require high levels of accuracy or calculations using large amounts of data(1. especially 能起到遞進(jìn)效果，進(jìn)一步解釋前文，實(shí)現(xiàn)降級(jí)具體化，讓觀點(diǎn)變得強(qiáng)有力2. calculations using large amounts of data是通過使用現(xiàn)在分詞對(duì)定語從句calculations which use large amounts of data進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化，要注意高級(jí)句型并不一定都是以長(zhǎng)取勝的，而往往是簡(jiǎn)潔有效的 3.large amounts of大量的 (類似可積累表達(dá)： a great number of, a host of, an abundance of, a great deal of, a myriad of, a multitude of, numerous, a large quantity of, plenty of，a wealth of )

　?、凇arry out surgical procedures with greater precision (1.carry out實(shí)施 2.surgical procedure 手術(shù)程序 3.with+n.可以對(duì)一些表達(dá)“有著……特征的”定語從句進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化 4. precision n.精確)

　?、邸ensors 傳感器

　　④　 Such technologies 對(duì)上文中的醫(yī)療機(jī)器人和自駕汽車進(jìn)行指代，實(shí)現(xiàn)上下文銜接，避免重復(fù)上文詞語

　?、荨educing the likelihood減少可能性

　　【論點(diǎn)2】On the other hand (邏輯銜接詞：另一方面), I share the concerns of people who believe that artificial intelligence may harm us if we are not careful.(交代這段的中心大意：AI的弊端) In the short term, it is likely that we will see a rise in unemployment as workers in various industries are replaced by machines or software programs.(分論點(diǎn)1：短期內(nèi)AI對(duì)就業(yè)的負(fù)面影響) For example, self-driving vehicles are expected to cause redundancies in driving jobs, such as lorry drivers, taxi drivers and bus drivers. (以自動(dòng)駕駛汽車為例佐證分論點(diǎn)觀點(diǎn))In the medium term, if intelligent technologies gradually take jobs away from humans, we may find that people become deskilled and lose their sense of purpose in life.(分論點(diǎn)2：中期AI對(duì)人們生存能力和生活意義的負(fù)面影響) A longer term fear is that computers become so intelligent that they begin to make decisions without human oversight and without regard for our well-being.(分論點(diǎn)3：長(zhǎng)期來看，AI不可控，有損人類幸福)

　　【段落結(jié)構(gòu)】主題句+分論點(diǎn)1+舉例論證+分論點(diǎn)2+分論點(diǎn)3。

　　【好詞好句】

　?、?it is likely that 有可能……

　　② we will see a rise in unemployment “see”這個(gè)詞用得很生動(dòng)，意為“見證”

　?、?are replaced by 被……取代

　?、?self-driving vehicles對(duì)上一段的cars that use sensors and cameras to drive themselves進(jìn)行同義替換

　?、?are expected to預(yù)計(jì)將……=be predicted/projected to do

　　⑥ Redundancies 冗余

　?、?Deskilled 非技能化的

　?、?computers become so intelligent that “so...that”意為“如此……以至于”引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句

　?、?oversight 監(jiān)管 同義詞：supervision

　?、?without regard for 不考慮

　　【結(jié)尾段】In conclusion(總結(jié)性用詞), while intelligent machines will no doubt improve our lives in many ways, the potential risks of such technologies should not be ignored.(用讓步狀語從句表達(dá)出立場(chǎng)：有利有弊)

　　【段落結(jié)構(gòu)】：雖然論點(diǎn)1有道理，但是論點(diǎn)2也有道理

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　　第三步：根據(jù)范文框架結(jié)構(gòu)及好詞好句仿寫范文

　　回憶范文的段落展開方式、論據(jù)展開論證方式、句式以及詞匯短語，盡可能把學(xué)到的知識(shí)點(diǎn)用于自己的寫作。

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　　第四步：對(duì)照范文和自己仿寫的文章進(jìn)行修改提升

　　以上就是我們分析范文的步驟。范文這么稀缺寶貴的學(xué)習(xí)資料斷不能看一遍就過，同學(xué)們要做的就是將范文的思路觀點(diǎn)、銜接手段、詞匯、句式消化吸收，用于自己的寫作。相信大家通過分析范文并進(jìn)行仿寫，寫作會(huì)有很大改觀，更多學(xué)習(xí)干貨歡迎來北京樸新環(huán)球雅思get√!