4. 工作題材 Work

　　引言

　　工作話題是雅思作文?？嫉脑掝}，主要圍繞著：運(yùn)動(dòng)員或明星高薪是否合理臨時(shí)性工作的利弊頻繁跳槽的利弊學(xué)生做兼職的利弊男女在工作方面的平等。也是劍橋系列考官范文最多的一個(gè)話題關(guān)于薪酬不平等給出兩篇范文。這類話題也是 G 類考生的重點(diǎn)，因?yàn)?G 類寫作重點(diǎn)是工作和孩子教育問題，G 類考生需要對(duì)此類題目特別關(guān)注。

　　工作題目真題再現(xiàn)

　　A 類話題

　　20091114 Some people say that professional workers such as doctors, nurses and teachers make

　　greater contribution. So they should be paid more than those sport and entertainment persons. To

　　what extent do you agree or disagree?

　　關(guān)鍵詞解讀：

　　20091203 Some people tend to take temporary jobs, for they have the time to do other things they

　　are interested in. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

　　關(guān)鍵詞解讀：

　　20100415 Some people think that men and women have different qualities. Therefore, some

　　certain jobs are suitable for men and some jobs are suitable for women. To what extent do you

　　agree or disagree.

　　關(guān)鍵詞解讀：

　　20100619 An increasing number of people change their career and place of residence several

　　times during their life time. Is this a positive or negative development?

　　關(guān)鍵詞解讀：

　　G 類話題

　　20090613 Many people prefer to stay the same type of work all their life, and others prefer to

　　change the type of work. Discuss both sides and state your own opinion.

　　關(guān)鍵詞解讀：

　　20090905 Some students do part-time jobs during studying. Do you think it has more advantages

　　or disadvantages?

　　關(guān)鍵詞解讀：

　　其中 A 類和 G 類的題目有部分重合，以下兩道題目都是討論高薪話題。

　　A 類的 Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other

　　important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.

　　Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

　　關(guān)鍵詞解讀：

　　G 類的 Some people feel that entertainment (e.g. film stars, pop musicians or sports stars)are paid

　　too much money. Do you agree or disagree? Which other types of job should be highly paid?

　　關(guān)鍵詞解讀：

　　工作滿足感

　　◎ 因素

　　員工可以從很多方面獲得對(duì)工作的滿足感(Employees get job satisfaction in a number of

　　ways)，幾個(gè)方面的因素能促進(jìn)工作的滿足感(many factors contribute to job satisfaction)，

　　主要圍繞幾個(gè)意識(shí)(sense)，上級(jí)的良好反饋(positive feedback from superiors)、成就感( a

　　sense of fulfillment)、提升自己(a sense of progress)、團(tuán)隊(duì)的歸屬感(a sense of belonging to a

　　team or a working community)，團(tuán)隊(duì)的責(zé)任感和忠誠(chéng)度(a sense of responsibility for and the

　　loyal to a team)，當(dāng)然如果個(gè)人性、和工作性質(zhì)相吻合就更好了(a job that suits both their

　　skills and their personality)。以上幾個(gè)因素能促成滿意感的增加(contributes to job

　　satisfaction)。

　　◎ 增加滿足感

　　公司應(yīng)該創(chuàng)造公平的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境(create fair competition environment)、機(jī)會(huì)均等(equal

　　opportunity)、提升機(jī)會(huì)(chance of promotion)、給員工提供自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)(self-fulfillment,

　　self-realization)等等。

　　大學(xué)生找工作難

　　◎大學(xué)生作為(job-hunter/ job-seeker)，很多雇主不愿意招聘沒有太多經(jīng)驗(yàn)(inexperienced)的剛

　　畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生(Many employers would not like to recruit newly graduated students without

　　much experience)。此外，大學(xué)生對(duì)自己的求職目標(biāo)定位很高(set high career objective)，因

　　此有些不切實(shí)際(unrealistic)。同時(shí)由于失業(yè)率的上升(high rate of unemployment)、人才的

　　競(jìng)爭(zhēng)十分激烈(the competition for jobs is fierce)、且供需不平衡(the imbalance of supply and

　　demand)就會(huì)使找工作雪上加霜(add insult to injury)。

　　◎ 解決之道

　　找工作不能紙上談兵(be an armchair strategist)，應(yīng)該有正確的職位定位(define their career

　　goals)，不要太理想化(less idealistic)。注重專業(yè)知識(shí)和實(shí)踐技能(emphasize on both

　　academic knowledge and practical skills)，參加各類的職業(yè)培訓(xùn)(vocational skills training)，

　　做到自我提升(self-lifting/ self-enhancement)，增強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力(competitiveness)。

　　兼職

　　◎ 經(jīng)濟(jì)上的獨(dú)立(economically independent)，積累工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)(accumulate working experience)，

　　培養(yǎng)解決問題的能力(cultivate the ability of problem-solving)，養(yǎng)成良好的溝通技巧

　　(communicational skill)，有助于自己追求未來(lái)的職業(yè)目標(biāo)(pursue their career goals)，對(duì)自

　　己的職業(yè)目標(biāo)進(jìn)行定位(define their career objective)，養(yǎng)成一定的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí)(cultivate

　　competitive consciousness)。

　　高薪

　　◎ 運(yùn)動(dòng)員和明星具有高額的收入(sports professionals, film stars, pop musicians are paid huge

　　salaries)，相比之下，教師、護(hù)士及研究人員收入平平(teachers, nurses, laboratory researchers

　　are never listed among the best-paid professionals)，甚至是科學(xué)家(research scientists)和政治

　　家(leading politicians)都無(wú)法企及，因此很多人覺得他們(earn their fortunes so quickly)，收

　　入不公平(unfair rewards，not justifiable)。收入的差異是不合理的(The gaps between their

　　earnings and those of people who work less selfishly for the good of society cannot be

　　justified)。很多位社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn)的職業(yè)也應(yīng)該(be much better appreciated and better paid)。

　　◎ 如何解釋其合理性(How to justify the huge earnings)? 可能的原因在于高收入反映的是體

　　育的一種公眾流行程度(public popularity)。擁有真正天賦的職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員數(shù)量極少(the

　　number of professionals with real talent is very few)，薪酬體現(xiàn)了對(duì)于為成功而必須擁有的

　　技能和貢獻(xiàn)的認(rèn)可(the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication)。相對(duì)短暫的職業(yè)

　　生涯里(in their relatively short career)，職業(yè)巔峰期短暫(do not hold their top positions

　　long)，很快就會(huì)被人取代(be replaced)。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)無(wú)處不在(Competition is constant)來(lái)自媒體的

　　壓力很大(The pressure from the media is intense)，幾乎無(wú)隱私可言(there is little privacy out

　　of the spotlight)。

　　跳槽

　　◎ 跳槽(switch one job to another)是個(gè)很普遍的現(xiàn)象(It is a common practice that…)。原因也

　　是多方面的(manifold)：首先可能是工資問題(inadequate payment)，工資過低(unreasonable

　　salary)會(huì)促使很多人(change their jobs)。其次是環(huán)境：包括工作環(huán)境(working environment)，

　　同事間的良好關(guān)系與否(interpersonal relationship and peer pressure)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境(competitive

　　environment)，及是否有提升的機(jī)會(huì)(promotion)。為了尋求這些方面的平衡(strike a balance)

　　以及實(shí)現(xiàn)自我價(jià)值(self-fulfillment)，很多人愿意換工作(inclined to hop from one job to

　　another)。

　　性別差異

　　◎ 現(xiàn)代女性社會(huì)地位的提升(social status)，接受了良好的教育(receive good education)，重新定位性別差異且改變了女性地位(recast gender relation and alter the status quo)?？萍嫉陌l(fā)展帶來(lái)了遠(yuǎn)程工作(telecommuting)，越來(lái)越多的女性走入職場(chǎng)(labor force)，很多女性可以充分發(fā)揮才能(give full play to talents)。男性在職場(chǎng)上的主導(dǎo)地位(men’s dominance)被打破，然而性別歧視(gender discrimination)還是屢見不鮮(common occurrence)，甚至是根深蒂固 (prejudice against women is deeply rooted)，因此解決收入不均(address disparity of

　　rewards between male and female)就是一個(gè)很突出的問題。

　　詞匯部分

　　career n. 事業(yè)，職業(yè)

　　【同義表達(dá)】occupation n. 職業(yè)； profession n. 職業(yè)，專業(yè)； vocation n. 職業(yè)，天職

　　【考官例句】Competition is constant and a player is tested every time they perform in their

　　relatively short career.

　　在相對(duì)短暫的職業(yè)生涯中，運(yùn)動(dòng)員面臨著不斷的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)及考驗(yàn)。

　　詞匯拓展

　　career choice 事業(yè)選擇

　　career counseling 職業(yè)咨詢

　　career development 職業(yè)發(fā)展

　　career objective 職業(yè)目標(biāo)

　　career path 職業(yè)道路

　　career planning 職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃

　　career prospects 職業(yè)前程

　　career-oriented 以事業(yè)為中心

　　profession n. 職業(yè)，專業(yè)

　　【同源詞匯】professional adj. 專業(yè)的，職業(yè)的 n. 專業(yè)人員； professionally adv. 專業(yè)地，

　　內(nèi)行地

　　【經(jīng)典搭配】professional ethics 職業(yè)道德

　　professional training 職業(yè)培訓(xùn)

　　all professions and trades 各行各業(yè)

　　【考官例句】However, it is also true that it is only those who reach the very top of their

　　profession who can get there huge salaries.

　　然而也只有那些達(dá)到事業(yè)頂峰的人才能獲得高薪回報(bào)。

　　【句架提煉】It is true that… （……確實(shí)是，主語(yǔ)從句）

　　It is sb. who… （強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）

　　professional n. 職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員，專業(yè)人員

　　【考官例句】As a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in my country have

　　become stars and celebrities, and those at the top are paid huge salaries.

　　由于媒體的不斷關(guān)注，在我的國(guó)家，職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員成了明星和名人，那些最優(yōu)秀

　　的運(yùn)動(dòng)員的薪酬豐厚。

　　full-time job 全職工作

　　【同義表達(dá)】full-time employment 全職工作

　　【考官例句】Nowadays many adults have full-time jobs and the proportion of their lives spent

　　doing such jobs is very high.

　　現(xiàn)在很多人都擁有一份全職工作，而且很多的時(shí)間也都花在工作上。

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